Izicelo ezifanelekileyo:
✓ Iinkqubo zokusika nokuqopha nge-laser ze-CO₂
✓ Izixhobo zokumakisha kunye nokubhala iikhowudi nge-laser
✓ Iinkqubo zokuhambisa kunye nokulawula imisebe
✓ Uphando lwesayensi kunye novavanyo lwe-optical
✓ Iinkqubo zokusonga zePeriscope kunye ne-optical path
✓ Ukukhanyisa esiteji kunye neenkqubo zeziphumo ezikhethekileyo
Ubude be-wavelength bugxile ekuboneleleni ngeemveliso zokukhanya ezichanekileyo kakhulu kangangeminyaka engama-20